该成果以“Effects of Nigella sativa seed polysaccharides on type 2 diabetic mice and gut microbiota”为题发表于《International Journal of Biological Macromolecules》IF 4.784杂志上。
2型糖尿病是一种复杂的慢性代谢紊乱性疾病,其特点是糖、脂类和蛋白质代谢紊乱,同时胰岛素抵抗伴有低度慢性炎症的产生。此外,这一现象与体内肠道菌群也有着重要关系。
Nigella sativa是毛莨科黑种草属植物,在欧洲南部和亚洲部分地区有悠久的栽培和使用历史,具有抗菌和抗癌等作用。
文献报道N. sativa提取物具有抗炎、抗氧化和抗肝损伤等活性,本课题组也持续对N. sativa种籽的化学成分进行分离、纯化和结构鉴定的研究,明确了其抗氧化和抗炎的作用物质基础,但未发现N. sativa种籽多糖(NSSP)治疗2型糖尿病的研究报道。本研究建立高糖高脂饲料联合链脲佐菌素诱导2型糖尿病小鼠模型,探讨N. sativa种籽多糖的降糖功效、明确其作用机制及探索肠道菌群可能发挥的作用,为治疗糖尿病的前导药物研发提供一定的参考价值。
结果表明,NSSP能显著降低小鼠的空腹血糖和糖化血清蛋白水平,显著增加了小鼠的胰岛素水平和体重。
Fig. 1. Expression levels of FBG (A), GSP (B) and INS (C) in serum of mice and the final body weight (D) of mice. Compared with the BC group: # P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01, ### P < 0.001; Compared with the MC group: * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001.
同时,NSSP可影响小鼠的血脂代谢参数,结果显示,NSSP显著降低了小鼠血清中甘油三酯、胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平,显著增加了高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平。
Fig. 2. Expression levels of TG (A), TC (B), LDL-C (C) and HDL-C (D) in serum of mice. Compared with the BC group: # P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01, ### P < 0.001; Compared with the MC group: * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001.
研究结果显示,NSSP提高了小鼠的总抗氧化能力以及超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶的活性,也降低了丙二醛含量。
Fig. 3. Expression levels of T-AOC (A), SOD (B), MDA (C) and CAT (D) in mice. Compared with the BC group: # P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01, ### P < 0.001; Compared with the MC group: * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001.
此外,NSSP还可降低小鼠血清和骨骼肌中IL-6、IL-1β和TNF-α的水平,上调骨骼肌中p-AKT和GLUT4蛋白的表达。
Fig. 4. Expression levels of IL-6 (A), IL-1β (B) and TNF-α (C) in serum of mice. Compared with the BC group: # P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01, ### P < 0.001; Compared with the MC group: * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001.
Fig. 5. Expression levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in skeletal muscles of mice were analyzed by RT-PCR (A), and p-AKT and GLUT4 in skeletal muscles of mice were analyzed by Western blotting (B, C). Compared with the BC group: # P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01, ### P < 0.001; Compared with the MC group: * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001.
本研究测定了NSSP对小鼠肠道菌群α多样性的影响,结果显示,NSSP可能会降低小鼠肠道菌群的物种丰度,增加微生物群落的多样性。
Fig. 6. Chao 1 index (A) and Shannon index (B) by alpha diversity analysis.
肠道菌群组成分析显示,NSSP高剂量组显著增加了f_Muribaculaceae_Unclassified菌属和Bacteroides菌属的丰度,且组成变化向正常组小鼠的肠道菌群趋近。由此,推测NSSP可能通过调节肠道微生物群改善糖尿病小鼠症状。
Fig. 7. Relative abundance of Top30 dominant bacterial community on the levels of phylum (A) and genus(B), based on PCoA analysis of species community distribution (C), the distribution of abundance of the five species with the greatest difference in the samples (D).